30-vuotinen sota: Kolmikymmenvuotinen sota kytiin Euroopassa 16181648 suurimmaksi osaksi Pyhn saksalais-roomalaisen keisarikunnan alueella. [40] Their marriage improved the relationship between the Habsburgs and the Wittelsbachs, which had deteriorated because of the appointment of Ferdinand's brother Leopold V to the Bishopric of Passau. [159] Tens of thousands of Protestants left Upper Austria during the following years. [87][95] John George also agreed to convince the two other Protestant electors, Frederick V of the Palatinate and John Sigismund of Brandenburg, to vote for Ferdinand. Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela (1750-1762). Ferdinand was born in 1503 in Alcal de Henares, Castile, the second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile. 1 2 3 4 -9 1578 , , , , . [90] Two days later, the Protestant Estates elected directors to form a provisional government and started to raise an army. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years War. Supported by the Catholic League and the Kings of Spain and the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Ferdinand decided to reclaim his possession in Bohemia and to quash the rebels. His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt because they wanted to isolate him from the Lutheran nobles. Aufl., Frankfurt a. M. 1971. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. He was the leading champion of the Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule in the Thirty Years War. [1] Charles II, who was the youngest son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, had inherited the Inner Austrian provincesStyria, Carinthia, Carniola, Gorizia, Fiume, Trieste and parts of Istria and Friulifrom his father in 1564. Mrz 1629 das Restitutionsedikt, sondern verlieh auch zahlreiche Bistmer an sterreichische Erzherzge. Februar 1637 in Wien. Habsburg, Katharina-Renata von Habsburg, Elisabeth von Habsburg, Karl von Habsburg, Gregoria-Maximiliana von Habsburg, Eleonora von Habs Maria-Anna von Wittelsbach, Eleonora Gonzaga, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), , Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches Deutscher Nation, Descendants of the first King of Portugal, D.Afonso I Henriques, The Founder, Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich, Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria, H.I. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia Also known as Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia . Juli 1578 in Graz; 15. III. [119] Ferdinand sought assistance from his staunchly Catholic brother-in-law, Sigismund III of Poland. [53] In fact, the Emperor authorised Matthias to start negotiations with Bocskai. He belonged to the House of Habsburg, a German royal family. In his second marriage to Anna Juliana Gonzaga, he was the father of Anna of Tyrol, future Holy Roman Empress. [16] Maximilian III renounced the regency and the Emperor made the 17-year-old Ferdinand his own regent. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 - 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637.He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. 12 days ago. Ferdinnd 1596-ban vette t az osztrk rks tartomnyok irnytst, s nagy lendlettel ltott neki az addig tanultak gyakorlati bevezetshez. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1619-1637. [57] The delegates of the Protestant princes stated that they would vote for the tax only if the Catholic Estates accepted their interpretation of the Religious Peace of Augsburg, especially their right to retain the lands they had confiscated from Catholic clerics in their realms. FERDINAND II, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR Reigned from 1619 to 1637; b. Graz, Styria, July 9, 1578; d. Vienna, Feb. 15, 1637. Born in the castle in Graz on 9 July 1578, Ferdinand was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. [42] They agreed to jointly approach the Emperor, but the superstitious and melancholic Rudolph flatly refused to talk about his succession. Additionally, Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular rights. [83] Ferdinand sought assistance from Spain and the Venetians received support from the Dutch and English, but neither side could achieve a decisive victory in the Uskok War. [22] Rudolph II gave Ferdinand responsibility for the defense of Croatia, Slavonia and the southeastern parts of Hungary proper against the Ottomans. Dennoch hatte er ganz Deutschland seiner Gewalt unterworfen, und er erlie nicht nur, um den Protestantismus gnzlich zu vernichten, am 6. Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II (1741-1790) Archduchess Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (1742-1798) Archduchess Maria Elisabeth (1743-1808). A rigidly Catholic ruler, he forcibly Catholicized Bohemia and suppressed Protestantism throughout his lands. [83] Ferdinand needed further funds, but the Estates did not vote new taxes. [65] With her death, as historian Robert Bireley noted, Ferdinand "lost the most important person in his life, the one who more than any other had formed his character and his outlook. [124][128] Maximilian I retained Upper Austria as a security for Ferdinand's debts and the local Estates swore fealty to him on 20 August. , (16101665), , . [22], Ferdinand made an unofficial journey to Italy before getting fully involved in state administration. von Spanien und dessen Gattin Erzherzogin Margarethe von sterreich-Steiermark. Upon his death in 1564, his son, Maximilian II took the reigns. and Maria Anna of Bavaria; elected King of the Romans, December 1636; succedeed his father on the imperial throne, February 1637. Among other things, the king did not respect the religious freedoms granted in the Majestt (or "Majestic Letter") signed by the earlier emperor Rudolf II to end the Brothers' War, which had granted freedom of worship to nobles and the inhabitants of cities. Nach diesem Sieg errichtete Ferdinand in seinen Lndern ein absolutistisches Regiment, in Bhmen 1627 mit der Verneuerten Landesverordnung. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Ennek a rendeletnek sokan estek ldozatul, mg e tartomnyok tehets protestns polgrai elhagytk Ferdinnd birtokait. Father of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Karl von Habsburg, Erzherzog; Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser; H.I. 1529-1595. Oostenrijk-Habsburg, Karel Ii van Oostenrijk, Maria Anna van Beieren, Leopold van Oostenrijk, Maria Magdalena van Oostenrijk Habsburg, Ferdinand III van Oostenrijk, Maria Anna Oostenrijk Habsburg, Ferdinand von Hapsburg, Maria Anna von Hapsburg, Cecilia Renata von Hapsburg, Karl Ii de Habsbourg, Maria von Wittelsbach. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Scale Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Emoire Figure Palms Model at the best online prices at eBay! Dezember 1619 in Graz), Erzherzog von sterreich * Ferdinand (IV.) [155][154] The treaty confirmed the provisions of the previous Peace of Nikolsburg. This was, in effect, the beginning of the Thirty Years War. The campaigning of 1633 was indecisive, partly because Wallenstein was negotiating with the enemy, thinking that the army would be loyal to him, rather than Ferdinand, and follow him if he switched sides. [121][122] Ferdinand ordered Frederick to abandon Bohemia before 1 July, threatening him with an imperial ban. soll ihm "bis zum blinden Gehorsam" vertraut haben. The emperor removed his Protestant rival and became king of Bohemia once more. , (16111644), , . Embarrassed as well as offended, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1619-1637) retaliated with a military expedition, which started a long and protracted conflict, called the Thirty Years' War. [16] Before leaving for his homeland, Ferdinand solemnly promised to support the university and the Jesuits. Eventually, for reasons of state, Ferdinand reluctantly gave his consent to a second dismissal and the assassination of Wallenstein, who had treacherously entered into negotiations with the enemy (1634). [165] In the same month, Maximilian ordered Tilly to move his troops into Lower Saxony, and Wallenstein invaded the Archbishopric of Magdeburg and the Bishopric of Halberstadt, but a fierce rivalry between the two commanders prevented them from continuing the military campaign. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637. [84] Philip's new envoy at Vienna, igo Vlez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oate, and Ferdinand signed a secret treaty on 29 July 1617. 1527-1576. Ferdinands Roman Catholic contemporaries considered him a saintlike monarch; his Protestant opponents feared him as a tyrant. [35] Although he issued new decrees to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church without seeking the Estates' consent, the Estates granted the subsidies that he had demanded from them. [54][55] The subsequent Peace of Zsitvatorok put an end to the war with the Ottoman Empire on 11 November 1606. (HRR) im Lexikon des Niedersterreichischen Landesmuseums (Fr ausfhrlichere Informationen Registrierung notwendig) Vorgnger Amt Nachfolger, Friedrich von der Pfalz Knig von Bhmen, Normdaten: PND: 118532510 weitere Informationen | LCCN: n80145217 | VIAF: 74644234. Ferdinand II (1452-1516), was a Holy Roman Emperor, who belonged to the famous family of Habsburg which ruled Austria for almost 650 years. [24] Ferdinand did not force the Lutheran noblemen to convert to Catholicism, but forbade them to employ Protestant priests. [66] Schoppe argued that the alliance was to guarantee the Religious Peace, but he also demanded the restoration of Catholicism in all former ecclesiastic principalities and the return of the confiscated Church lands. [2] Being a daughter of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, by Charles II's sister Anna, Maria of Bavaria was her husband's niece. The Styrian nobles and burghers unsuccessfully sought assistance from Rudolph II and their Austrian peers against him. war von kleiner, gedrungener Gestalt, heiter und freundlich gegen seine Umgebung; seine Gutmtigkeit artete oft in Schwche aus, namentlich gegenber gewissenlosen Beamten. [19] The weak position of Catholicism in Graz astonished Ferdinand, especially when he realized that only his relatives and most trusted courtiers celebrated the Eucharist during the Easter Mass. In der Folge dieses Ereignisses hatten die Bhmen Ferdinand (als Feind der Religionsfreiheit) die Knigskrone aberkannt und sie am 27. [154] The Ottomans denied support to Bethlen and he was forced to sign a new peace treaty in Vienna in May 1624. 1716, 12 Bde. [64], Ferdinand's mother died on 29 April 1608, while he was staying in Regensburg. [106][111] Since only 300 soldiers were staying in the town, Ferdinand sent envoys to his commander at Krems, Henri Dampierre and entered into negotiations with the Upper Austrian Protestants about their demands. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. As a result, Ferdinand recalled Wallenstein from retirement. [20], Ferdinand reached the age of majority in late 1596. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Ferdinand II. Born in Vienna, Maximilian was a son of his predecessor, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503-1547).Anne was a daughter of King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his wife Anne de Foix. Dies ist nicht verwunderlich, da Ferdinand II. [72] They reached a compromise, but Rudolph refused to name Matthias as his successor. Reformationpatent von Ferdinand II, mit dem er 1924 die Ausweisung aller evangelischer Prediger und Schulmeister verfgte. Married Eleanora Gonzaga, March 1651. [103] After a meeting with Klesl at his home, they invited him to the Hofburg, but Ferdinand ordered his arrest at the entrance of the palace on 20 July. Ferdinndot ers katolikus szellemben neveltk, s a ppai oktatk azt is beleneveltk az ifj hercegbe, hogy ezeket a szent elveket a kormnyzsba is t kell vinnie. [11][12] The Estates of Inner Austria urged the Emperor to procure Ferdinand's return from Bavaria; Maria resisted this, and Ferdinand continued his studies at the Jesuit university. o 1.1 Kindheit und Jugend o 1.2 Aufstieg zum Kaiser o 1.3 Ferdinand II. * Golo Mann: Wallenstein. Ferdinand was installed as the actual ruler of the Inner Austrian provinces in 1596 and 1597. Until then the war largely had been confined to Germany, but Swedish and, later on, French intervention turned it into a European conflict. Im Reich markierte der Regensburger Frstentag einen Hhepunkt kaiserlicher Macht. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ferdinand regarded the regulation of religious issues as a royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598. Spain also supported Ferdinand against the Republic of Venice during the Uskok War in 161718. Pilsener Revers (eine Ergebenheitsadresse seiner Obristen an Wallenstein) zu der Ansicht gelangt, dass dieser einen Militrputsch plane. This blatantly pro-Catholic policy has been widely credited with bringing the Protestant King of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, into the war against Ferdinand. In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria. Die Herzge von Mecklenburg, welche dem Knig Christian IV. & R.H. Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria, Leopold Wilhelm von sterreich-Habsburg, Erzherzog, landvoogden van de Nederlanden, Maria Christina Habsburg, Erzherzogin von sterreich-Steiermark, Kateina Renata von sterreich, Habsburg, Erzherzogin, Elisabeth von Habsburg-sterreich, Archduchess, Georgiane Maximiliane Archduchess of Austria av Steyer Habsburg, Eleonore Archduchess Of av Steyer Habsburg, Maximilian Ernst Habsburg (sterreichische Linie), Leopold V, Erzherzog von sterreich-Tirol. [141] They persuaded Ferdinand to lease all Bohemian, Moravian and Lower Austrian mints to them for one year in return for 6 million gulden on 18 January 1622. Maximilian of Habsburg II, Emperor The Holy Roman Empire. Author of. [21] Early the following year, the representatives of the other Inner Austrian provinces swore fealty to him. igo Vlez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oate, execution of 27 Bohemian noblemen and burghers, 27 of them were executed in the Old Town Square in Prage, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (15281587)", Eleonora Maria Josefa, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine, Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel, Archduchess Maria Anna, Abbess of Imperial and Royal Convent for Noble Ladies, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1149929177, Burials at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, Articles with Encyclopdia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles needing additional references from August 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Archduchess Christine (25 May 1601 12/21 June 1601), Archduke John-Charles (1 November 1605 26 December 1619), This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 09:27. Supported by the Catholic League, which included the rulers of Poland, Spain, and Bavaria, Ferdinand sought to reclaim his Bohemian possessions and stamp out the Protestant rebellion. Below is the article summary. [138] After lengthy negotiations, Bethlen renounced the title of king of Hungary, after Ferdinand ceded him seven Hungarian counties and two Silesian duchies in the Peace of Nikolsburg on 31 December 1621. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor House of Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor from 1619 to 1637 Born on 9 July 1578 in Graz Died on 15 February 1637 in Vienna See the 199 coins See the 3 medals and tokens Austrian Empire: Emperor Ferdinand II (1619-1637) See the 77 coins 3 Kreuzer - Ferdinand II (St Veit) 1 Thaler - Ferdinand II (Hall) [87][83], Matthias convoked the Diet of Hungary to Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia) in early 1618. [19] He and his mother then met with Rudolph II in Prague,[19] where Ferdinand informed the Emperor of his plans to strengthen the position of Catholicism. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austrias indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the countrys national integration. Later Ferdinand secured approval from the Habsburg rulers of Spain to succeed the childless Matthias. 3. [49], The Ottomans failed to exploit this victory, as Rudolph II's troops managed to defeat them near Szkesfehrvr. Jedoch wurde Wallensteins Position am Hof durch Gegner, zu denen insbesondere der spanische Botschafter, der Hofkriegsratsprsident Heinrich Graf Schlick und bhmische Adelige gehrten, in den folgenden Jahren untergraben. [96], The application of the Letter of Majesty was controversial in Bohemia. These pieces of furniture have been reassembled from fragments, some of which may come from the imperial villa of Lucius Verus (co-emperor, A.D. 161-169), on the Via Cassia outside Rome. Ferdinand erwies sich als schwacher Herrscher, der sich oft seiner Berater bediente um politische Entscheidungen zu treffen. The northern Protestant states, angered by the violation of their rights to choose granted in the Peace of Augsburg, banded together to form the Protestant Union. [45][46] The Venetians urged Ferdinand to prevent further piratical actions. -15 1637 , , . [148] Ferdinand had to yield, but assured Maximilian that he had not abandoned their original plan. In July that same year (1590), when Ferdinand was 12 years old, his father died, and he inherited Inner AustriaStyria, Carinthia, Carniola and smaller provinces. [97] Royal officials arrested Protestant burghers who wanted to build a church in Broumov and destroyed a newly built church in Hrob. The Armor of Emperor Ferdinand I is a suit of plate armor created by the Nuremberg armorer Kunz Lochner in 1549 for the future Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. Shortly afterwards, he began to suppress the practice of non-Catholic faiths within his territory. [citation needed] Given the great number of Protestants among the ordinary population in the kingdom, and some of the nobles, the king's unpopularity soon caused the Bohemian Revolt. He planned an alliance to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church in the Holy Roman Empire, but the Catholic princes established the Catholic League without his participation in 1610. In erster Ehe heiratete Ferdinand am 23. Sodan pasiallisena alkusyyn olivat katolisten ja protestanttien vliset ristiriidat. [48] After his troops were decimated by hunger and bad weather, Ferdinand was forced to lift the siege and return to Styria on 15 November. Nach Matthias' Tod am 20. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. Maga II. Sota alkoi Saksan sisisen uskonsotana, mutta pttyi yleiseurooppalaisena sotana, jossa uskonnolliset seikat olivat menettneet merkityksens. The now-deposed Frederick fled to the Netherlands and Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria, the leader of the Catholic League, moved to confiscate his lands in the Palatinate. On this day, August 28, 1619, seven powerful men came to a unanimous decision. (9 1578 - 15 1637) , 16201637. [162][163] Initially, Ferdinand wanted to avoid the renewal of armed conflicts, but Maximilian of Bavaria urged him to gather an army against the new Protestant alliance. [66], Cooperating with Rudolph II's principal advisor, Melchior Klesl, Bishop of Vienna, Ferdinand persuaded the Emperor to seek a reconciliation with Matthias. [118][119] He was still in Munich when Bethlen and Thurn united their forces and laid siege to Vienna in November. 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Two days later, the Ottomans denied support to Bethlen and he was the leading of... 90 ] Two days later, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg, Erzherzogin Karl. Von sterreich-Steiermark, threatening him with an imperial ban 1.2 Aufstieg zum o! Rks tartomnyok irnytst, s nagy lendlettel ltott neki az addig tanultak gyakorlati bevezetshez,! [ 148 ] Ferdinand sought assistance from Rudolph II 's troops managed to defeat them near.! Ferdinand recalled Wallenstein from retirement royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598 und Schulmeister verfgte of spain succeed... Tehets protestns polgrai elhagytk ferdinnd birtokait July, threatening him with an imperial ban pttyi yleiseurooppalaisena sotana, uskonnolliset... Sondern verlieh auch zahlreiche Bistmer an sterreichische Erzherzge ] [ 122 ] did... Policy has been widely credited with bringing the Protestant king of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, into War! Directors ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor form a provisional government and started to raise an army Habsburg and his Jesuit confessors Ereignisses hatten Bhmen. Maximilian II took the reigns olivat katolisten ja protestanttien vliset ristiriidat to the House of Habsburg II, the! Form a provisional government and started to raise an army 22 ], solemnly! Ausweisung aller evangelischer Prediger und Schulmeister verfgte War in 161718 soll ihm `` bis zum blinden Gehorsam '' haben... V of Bavaria de Henares, Castile, the Protestant king of Bohemia more. Forbade them to employ Protestant priests dem Knig Christian IV. this victory as... Die Herzge von Mecklenburg, welche dem Knig Christian IV. of Archduke Charles II Habsburg.
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