Then is his bounty mine by the cause of my necessity and for the justice of his pure bounty. But yet, as I said afore, it hath been mistaken of some persons that have read the book, therefore at such places where meseemeth most need, I will write more words thereto, in manner of gloss, after my simple cunning as me seemeth best. And this love is of that which is wholly and solely fine in the state of work divine. M. This is to say, that this soul is oned with God, and, whiles she standeth in that union, she hath no will, nor work, nor no desire, she thinketh of nothing that is beneath that [union]. And so do the perished as the marred do. This was forsooth mine intent. And the Virgin Mary drank of the one after, and of the most high drink is this noble Lady inebriated. Then doth she forget by the deadening of this working, which this naughting yieldeth to herself., O God, saith this soul, he that might comprehend the profit of one moment of this naughting, what a great lord he were!, This is sooth, saith Love, he should be the same [kind of person]., If ye have heard in this book high matters, saith this soul to the auditors of this book, let it not displease you concerning this, though I speak of a little thing, for I must do it if I am to fulfil the [explanation of the] takings in the fulness of my purpose. O soul touched of God, dissevered from sin, in the first estate of grace, ascend by divine grace into the seventh estate of grace, where the soul hath her fullhead of perfection by divine fruition in life of peace. All thing that is of him, it is of him verily fulfilled and thus it is that nothing is, unless it be of him, and this I say hath me of all things consumed.. St John definitely assigns a painful significance to the Dark Night, he regards it as a means of purgation, intervening between the stages of illumination. These be examples enough to understanders, to understand the remnant thereof, what this means; and for none other folks is this book written, but for them that understand it. And this beholding is in the life of spirit, by affection of tenderness of love that the soul hath to herself, but she weeneth that it is in God this love that she hath of which she is so attainted. By using this service, . The souls possession of God in herself seems to her nothing compared with the fulness of the transcendent life of the Trinity as it exists in itself. And she will not have her will, for she is naught and hath no will. [312] Gloss these words if ye will understand it or ye shall misunderstand it, for it hath some likeness to the opposite[313] [for those] who understand not the fulness of the gloss; and likeness is not truth, but Truth is truth and nothing else. This might I not do except he had given it me. And when Love saw me think of him, he refused me not by [the way of] the virtues, but threw me out of their little service, and led me to the divine school and there withheld me without doing any service. they say Nay. If they would [while yet] living be certified of their salvation? And if it might be that I had the same that he hath in him, as well as he hath of him, with [the assurance] that it should never fail if I would, and I wist that it might better please him that I suffered as much torment of him as he hath of goodness in him, I should love it better than for to dwell in that glory. For the labour of man and the desire to have some substance outside himself, to increase his love, that is but some shadowing or glimmering of knowing of the bounty of God. Though they gave her all that ever was given and shall be given, it would be naught compared with that which she loveth and shall love., But God himself, Lady Love, saith this soul, loveth in me and shall love., Save your reverence, that wot I not. N. And if I willed it, why should he not suffer it, else should his power take from me freedom. And he giveth to his Son the same that he hath in himself, and the Son receiveth it from the Father, and is equal to him. With this is, perhaps, combined the sense that the soul labours according to the interior commands that urge her to act contrary to herself and her natural inclinations or wills . Also, as Jesu Christ is buyer of the people by his death, and the laud of God the Father, right so am I, because of my wickedness, the salvation of mankind, and the glory of God the Father. But if ever I knew you, now excuse me of your courtesy, for need hath no law. Pure is that which is of him, in love. But this that is said in me or by me, is of divine knowing, Lady Love, saith this soul, you have said it, in me and by me, of your bounty for my profit! understand it, ye that hear this, if ye may! And this cometh by the knowing of these two natures that we have; the one is the divine bounty, and the other is the wickedness of the spending of her youth, that is old. Then came to me Righteousness, and asked me what sparing I would have of him or of thing that torment might do to me. The second point is that this soul saveth her by faith without works. This edition also con-tains invaluable historical sources in Appendix A (214#218). without which virtues none may be saved, nor come to the life of perfection, and who hath them may not be deceived; and this soul hath taken leave of them; is she out of her wit that speaketh thus?, Oh without fail, nay, saith Love, for this soul hath better [than] all virtues, and more than any other creature. And then came Love to me fulfilled with bounty, that so often times had cast me out of wit, and in the fire had given me death. Our author is a little before their time, but he may have witnessed a beginning of the preaching movement within the Religious Houses, to which the public was attracted. The author points out that the natural human desire for devotion and increase of love, for some outward assurance of Gods love and demonstration of our human love, leads to natural efforts which may procure some such phenomena, experienced as fire. (8) The naught in all things for meekness. That is to say, that none may ascend but they only that be Gods sons by divine graces, of whom he said: This is my brother, my sister and my mother, that doth the will of God my Father.[384]. The Mirror provides many illustrations of the conflict then raging, notably the obscure passage concerning the Sacrament if it be brayed in a mortar, which possibly refers to controversy over the nature of the Eucharist. The Catholic Historical Review Marguerite Porete: The Mirror of Simple Souls translated and introduced by Ellen L. Babinsky preface by Robert E. Lerner LOVE: This Soul has within her the mistress of the Virtues, whom one calls Divine Love, who has transformed her completely into herself, is united to her, and which is why this Soul belongs cf. The humour at the expense of Reason that characterises this work, is at times a double-edged sword, but more generally it is a persistent contempt for rationalistic interpretations, which is quite distinct from and compatible with a real acceptance of the rational point of view. The support[334] of the love of his bounty hath given me this nobility by love; then may not the strength of evil take from me the freedom of my will, if I will not; thus ye may see how freely he hath given me my will. But if ye had heard me, saith Love, ye had been wholly another, by your own record. With this in view, explanatory notes have been added calling attention to difficult passages, the interpretation of which might otherwise have been left to the readers own discretion, it is hoped that these notes will not appear unduly didactic and intrusive in matters of spiritual interpretation. Seems to mean that God desires that creatures should dwell in the same silent passivity towards him and others as he himself does in his hidden life within us. Now is this soul fallen of love into naught, without which naught she may not be all. There is she overlooked, for so it is that there be two greater estates in this life than this is, but Love so leadeth that a soul is unseeing, by the gift of sweetness of the love that updraweth her as hastily as she approacheth to the same. A play on words, the most, a word for wine, ale; also, as will occur again later, used for God who is the, These souls are all one in all things, and equable in all things, and they are not troubled about their condition whatever may befall them, forthynken not repent of, are displeased at; Bod. Thus saith Love for us: that there be six beings of noble being; that creatures receive being, if they dispose them to all beings, ere they come to perfect being; as I shall tell you, before this book, of the takings of love, end. also Division III, chap, xviii). O right noble folks, naughted and upraised[220] by conjunction of union with divine love, let it not displease you if I touch something for them that be, I shall speak enough afterwards of your being. Nor hath she naught of will. And this is right hard, more hard without comparison than be the twain before. [302] Therefore let the virtues have that that is theirs of the cutting wills, of the fervours of affection of your spirit, till they have acquit you of the debt that ye owe to Jesu Christ. The sense is sometimes goodness, sometimes a favour., The Far Night is here impersonated and stands for Counsel in a mock pleading at law. I have said, saith the Holy Ghost, that I shall give to this soul all that I have given, saith the Holy Ghost. web pages Eh, does not every man know that this may not be? If we wit it not now, we shall wit it when the body our soul leaveth.. You said to me that in the company of Beloved and l over, there is no lordship nor sovereignty but there is! Adds. This she seeth in him, of him, who is maker unmade, without touching of anything that is creaturely. Lord, ye be all might, all wisdom and all goodness, without beginning, without comprehending, without end, and I am all feebleness, all foolishness and all wickedness, without beginning, without comprehending, without measure. This is sooth, saith Love, if it come to them, since their will is not the cause: the souls know not where the end lieth, nor for what cause God will find their salvation, nor the salvation of their even- Christians, nor for what reason God will do righteousness or mercy, nor for what cause God will give to the soul the excellent gifts of the goodness of his divine nobility. And thus their will, which they had chosen, made them lose this high vision by giving their will to that which they could not attain. 242.144. But the divine bounty hath not to reproach her that hath peace, who leadeth in not-willing, and hath offered the will there where it was before she had will., Ah God, saith the soul that is free, how well is this said; but it behoveth that God do this without me, [even] as he made me without me, of his divine bounty.. And if ye cannot come soon to the understanding thereof, offer it meekly up to God, and by the custom of oft reading thereon, ye shall come thereto. Soothly, saith the soul that had this book written, this I say for me: so fare I. I hear speak of a king of great might that for courtesy and great largesse is a noble Alexander. And her questions be out of all creatures knowledge, where creatures may have no knowing thereof., What marvel is it, saith this soul, if they wit it not; why should any wit it, but he of whom I am, that in me is the same [one], and he is the secret of love that is between [us] made, where my love is enclosed, without me? And right as it is of some angels compared with others, as ye have heard say, right so it is by grace of the naughted souls that we speak of, as compared with all those that be not. I pray you all that read this book, have me excused, for that I am simple and unlearned and may not do but ignorantly. So is joy in her that she herself is joy, by the virtue of joy that hath brought her into him. Now am I, saith this soul, wrought of him without myself, for work passing me and the strong works of virtues, they for me and I for him, till I be in him. These that such be resemble always a drunken [man], for the drunken man, he is no more afeared for anything that is coming to him, whatever adventure may befall him, than if it came not to him. It is in a better hand than either of the others, and is both beautifully written and illuminated. Fauset = the tap of the cask, hence the Fountain. And this goodness is given to mankind to be known by my wickedness. By their teachings it appeareth; it is the work of an ass and not of a man, if any man would hear them. Divisions XV, XVI, and XVII are short interludes, an apology for himself, and an exhortation to discreet secrecy put into the mouth of the Blessed Trinity. And this light giveth her this will to put again her will in God, which she cannot yield without this light, that it may go forth to him, unless it depart from her proper will. Then is she of that place whence she is. For God suffereth some time some evil to be done for greater good that afterward shall grow. And thus much I certify you, saith this soul, without doubt, who hath anything to answer, he hath something to show; else he hath naught to answer.. There is no indication how far he has paraphrased and interpolated the original. And for that the work is now ended, thanked and praised be ye of all good creatures. All those that live in life of grace, in fulfilling the commandments, and so live as to be satisfied in that, these have name of soul soothly, and not name of spirit, but name of soul for the life of grace that they stand in. It will be seen that the second part of the book, from Division VI approximately, is more obscure, more subtle in thought, often monotonous in expression and repetition of phrase and word. And if I shall say sooth, so beastly I was in the time that I them served, that I may not with mine heart declare it. Search the history of over 804 billion Then, say I, that this is truth, that men may give me naught, whatever thing that it may be., And this complaint. In this short work there can be found elements of Benedictine mysticism and traces of the Beghard spirituality of Porete, that are grafted onto an Augustinian-Bonaventurian orthodox matrix of the three ways (purgative, illumative and unative). She wotteth not of anything that is, for she is not; but God wot in her, of him, for her, of himself. And therefore love biddeth them that they do nothing that may break the peace and rest of their spirits. I have said this, saith this soul, that he wants naught. The mystical life is the fruit of these, and our author is careful to show that he addresses himself only to those souls who are called to the higher life. A few words more I say in this book, to bring you into the way, notwithstanding that I was purposed before to have glossed no more. For [in] reproaches of the Father, and threatenings of the Son, there is nothing [found] of the oil of peace. And the knowing of this maketh her to separate the will from the place where he is not. The main idea of his work is the glorification of love above intellectual knowledge; of the immediate knowledge of God above the rational reason. Thus this book must be taken as concerning these usages. For such usages and such touches, such movings and such beholdings these souls have, as it is written in this book, and many more, forsooth, as ye may well conceive. For this soul, saith the Holy Ghost, hath given us all that she hath of worth, and the same that we have, she herself hath given us by manner of speech; for it is said, and sooth it is, that good will is accounted for deed. Charity is so wise a merchant that she winneth over all where others lose, and escapeth from perils where others perish, unto plenteous multiplying of that that is in love. And then holdeth the soul that there is none higher life than to have this, of which she hath lordship; for love hath so greatly fed her with his delights that she wot not that God hath any greater gift nigh to give to the soul than this love, which Love, by love, hath within her spread. The valuable introduction by the translators narrates the archival history of the book, for which Margaret Porette was burned alive in Paris in 1310. In its tone of language and spiritual vision, it sits squarely in harmony with the religious sensitivity of the early sixteenth century. This meekness is true meekness and profit in a soul naughted, and none other but this. For she perceiveth in her spirit, and not without witting, what is the way by which he cometh to the gate, where she is oned to his will. O Lady Mary, that art the vessel that more perfectly wert fulfilled of divine light, right in the womb of your mother, than were the twelve apostles the day of Pentecost, when they gathered the abundance of the gifts of the Holy Ghost! Cancel anytime. You have opened [it],[207] saith Love, so that Reason and all his scholars may not be there against., That this seemeth not well said to them, however much it be according to understanding, this is sooth, saith this soul, but they only understand it whom fine love teacheth, and they only wot what this book meaneth. O Lord God, soothly it is little, so little that it may not be said, for it is naught as in regard of the other part,[390] and therefore ye be and none but ye; all your truths grant it you, in me., And then this I beheld, between the wickedness of me and between the goodness of him, what thing I might do to appease me to him. MS. proper, with sense of own or self-will. This people that we have spoken of that be dead from deadly sin and be in life of grace have no scruples; but they acquit them towards God only of that which he commandeth. Chief of these was Walter de Manny, who, with Michael of Northbrook, Bishop of London, was co-founder of the London Charterhouse. And when they have tasted of these sweet draughts of heavenly influences, it savoureth them so well that they attend fully thereto. But, saith Love, that which he hath said, that she shall tell the sum of her questions, is this, that if any have this which she shall say, in sooth, he hath that which none may tell the whole of, nor think [it], except he that alway worketh it in her, of his work, without her work, of his divine goodness. We have, however, retained them as affording a valuable indication of the general drift of the argument, and as elucidating the unpunctuated chaos of the British Museum MS. But God willeth that she will this, and that she have such [a] will. Oh, saith this soul, that helpeth herself by this same [thing], now I have some of that which Holy Writ saith, that the righteous man falleth seven times a day.[329] He is well enlightened[330] who understandeth that this [sin] is not a case for correction,[331] for the word correction is used when men fall into fault by the consenting of their will. [256] Of what, then, should her inwardness feel in the time of this union, or [how] should she herself move herself? . This is Mary of peace, for alway she hath the peace of peace, for her Beloved appeaseth her. but right drunk and more than drunk! A place for taking pleasure, hence garden, orchard. For, Lord, my weening[156] is this, and it is truth, that though none had sinned but I alone, you would have bought my soul with your love, late laid on cross for me, by the use of powers ordained to destroy my sin. For wit well this; I have nothing more of worth than this, for nothing that I love sufficeth me; for if it sufficed me this that I love, I should descend from that little that I have of love. Gladly, saith Love, and unless she be such as I shall tell you, Truth, saith Love, I command you that you answer her that she is ill-arrayed to speak to me in my secret chamber, where none entereth unless they be thus arrayed, as ye shall hear me say. There be three manners of unions that devout souls feel, in sundry dispositions, but I mean of the highest, that is best; and that is the union where, through ravishing of love, the soul is knit and oned to God, so that God and the soul is one spirit. And thus much, saith this free soul, I will say to them that be marred, that they keep the peace, and fulfil perfectly the will and the fervour of cutting desire of the work of their spirit, as I have said, in holding their wits so close,[254] that they have nothing by work of deliberation beyond the will of the spirit, so that they may reach to these rightful works, that is most nigh the being that we have spoken of. She hath long heard say, by the Holy Ghost, that God setteth the least little at the most high [worth], of his sole bounty, and therefore, this soul hath no distress because of sin that she ever did, nor hope on account of thing that she might do, but only in the goodness of him that is her Beloved. Where the naked Adam did the wrong, the naked Jesu Christ it had. Nothing of this kind exists in French literature until we come to the spiritual writings of the early seventeenth century, and the mystical parts of St Francis de Sales Amour de Dieu. That is, to understand it better, that whoso knew of him all that is said, it should be naught as in regard of the great knowledge that dwelleth in him beyond our knowing. Ah, ah, saith then this Soul, how great, then, is the All of him, when this may be said of the least of him O right sweet Love, saith this soul, that only wit ye, and that sufficeth me., Now ye wit how this soul is come into believing of more, and now shall I tell you, saith Love, how she is come into knowing of her naught; by this, that she knoweth that neither she nor others know [anything] of her horrible defaults as compared to that which is in the knowing of God.. And they that be free have to do all the contrary, for right as them behoveth in life of spirit to do all the contrary of their will, unless they will lose peace, [so] behoveth it in life that is free, to do all that pleaseth them, unless they will lose peace. The mirror of simple souls by Marguerite Porete, 1993, Paulist Press edition, in English Two further chapters summarise the teaching to be drawn from the whole work, and especially the last incidents; and a wonderful little mystical lyric, anticipating the method of St John of the Cross, concludes the book. Lady, if it had been need, ye had for them that very time given your life rather than they should not have had forgiveness of God of that misdeed. Ah, Love, saith Reason, name this soul by her right name; give the Actives some knowing. And Love nameth her by thus many names. The first cost that this soul which is free hath, is this, that she hath no grudging of conscience, though she work not the work of virtues. It is possible, and his views are much illuminated by a comparison with those of the writer of the Letter. It is the easiest of his literary sources to trace. Nor they unwill[168] none of all the torments of hell. But ye shall love, my friend, saith Love, in his will, for in you he hath made his chamber secret, it pleaseth him there to dwell. And when such [a soul] is naught, then liveth God himself in this creature without breaking the peace of his creature. Their weenings be fully inclined, mine heart thought sometime, alway to have lived of love by desire of good will. And if we do this, to our power, we shall come to this, that we shall have it all, by putting out of us all thoughts of partie, all works of perfection, and all demands of Reason. It is right, saith Love, that the most has made her drunk;[121] not indeed that she hath drunken of the most, as it is said before; but she hath it, for as much as her love hath it; for there is between him and her no disseverance nor contrariety of nature whatsoever, through any discord of love. Godfrey of Fountains was in the forefront of the virulent controversy concerning St Thomass teaching, which broke out at the Sorbonne and at Oxford between 1280 and 1300. For this soul, saith Love, willeth so perfectly the will of God, that she cannot will and may not will but the will of God. In Beguines 1300; The Mirror of Simple Souls) is thought to be the greatest religious tract written in Old French. It is a far gone mind,[345] saith Love, by which understanding groweth, that giveth knowing to a soul more perfectly of a thing that men say, than of a thing she saith herself, howsoever good the sayings be in all she saith. And this is good reason, saith the Holy Ghost, that we withhold from such souls nothing that we have. And then, saith Love, to this creature, how may this soul will, when clear knowledge knoweth that there is a Being among the Beings, which is most noble of all Beings, which creatures may not have unless they have it by the not-willing?[75], Now, saith Love, hath Reason heard the answer of his questions, save where it saith, that the free soul hath in her a lack of sufficiency. Doth he anything or ceaseth he[136] to do [it], for high or for low, except it please him?, I grant well, Love, saith Reason. This is to say, that righteous man liveth of faith and so do these souls. But all-might, all-wisdom, and all-goodness, all-glory, all grace, all-sweetness, all-virtues, all-victories, all-honours, all-bliss, all-joy and all magnificence, Lord, worship, laud, praise and magnify you everlastingly without end. She willeth and she willeth not. And that you deigned of your excellent Deity, that I, the most wretched and unfit,[406] should translate this book. And then I beheld who these should be that should ascend to heaven. And who would ask them, What is the greatest torment that a creature may suffer? they would say, It is to take the lead in love and in obedience of virtues for it behoveth them give to virtues all that they ask, whatever it cost to nature; and they ask worship, honour, heart, body, life. Cost = treasure, something costly. Himself saith in the Gospel: Whoever believeth in me, he shall do such works as I do, and yet more greater shall he do. Of what is Love's undertaking, and why Love had . Now hear among you, the great perfection of the naughted souls, these which we have spoken of. And some points Love declareth in three diverse ways according[17] to one. But this, that they save themselves by faith without works, and that they can no more work, it is not meant that they cease from all good works for evermore, and never do any work, but sit in sloth and idleness of soul and body; for those who take it so, they misunderstand it; but it is thus. This is another than the fifth, but little while it dureth in the sixth, then is she again put in the fifth. Right so I tell you, Reason, saith Love, all things owe me tribute. Alas, alas! In God is this choice, but it is not of Time. MS. God loveth better the more of him in him, than the less of himself., And in the perfect fulfilment of this more , The soul protests against the exaggerated spiritual talk of others, urging first that these speak too little of Gods. Gerson, who is the next French author to write on these matters, always fuses the devotional, the ascetic and the mystical, according to the older method, but our author has some instinct at least of the distinction between the species and their right relation to each other. We cannot determine with any exactness who was the author of the Mirren, nor has anything further come to light since Miss Underhill, in 1911, conjectured that he may have been a secular priest or a Carthusian living on the borders of Flanders and France in the last third of the thirteenth century. It is much to say of such a servant that serveth his Lord well at all points in all thing, that he knoweth that which might best please the will of his Lord. Then the divine goodness poureth forth before this will a ravishing outpouring of moving divine light, which is diffused within the soul, the righteousness of him who is. 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